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Lieutenant Colonel (ret.) Mamadou Tandja (born 1938〔(Meyers Lexikon Online ), accessed May 20, 2007.〕) is a Nigerien politician who was President of Niger from 1999 to 2010. He was President of the National Movement of the Development Society (MNSD) from 1991 to 1999 and unsuccessfully ran as the MNSD's presidential candidate in 1993 and 1996 before being elected to his first term in 1999. While serving as President of Niger, he was also Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States from 2005 to 2007. Tandja is of mixed Fula and Kanuri ancestry. He was the first President of Niger who is not ethnically Hausa or Djerma.〔(Country Reports on Human Rights Practices — 2003: Niger ), U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, February 25, 2004.〕 Following a constitutional crisis in 2009, which was caused by Tandja's efforts to remain in office beyond the originally scheduled end of his term, he was ousted by the military in a ''coup d'etat'' in February 2010. ==1974 coup, the Kountché regime and the MNSD== Tandja was born in Maïné-Soroa, Niger.〔 He participated in the 1974 coup that brought Seyni Kountché to power〔("Tandja wins second term as president in historic first for country" ), IRIN, December 8, 2004.〕〔Idy Barou, ("Niger's leader - haunted by hunger" ), BBC News, August 15, 2005.〕〔("M. Tandja Mamadou, le nouveau président du Niger" ), ''Afrique Express'', No. 197, November 28, 1999 .〕 and became a member of the Supreme Military Council. He became Prefect of Maradi in 1976〔 before being appointed to the government as Minister of the Interior on September 10, 1979; he remained in the latter position until being replaced by Kountché himself on August 31, 1981.〔"Oct 1979 - Government Reorganization", ''Keesing's Record of World Events'', Volume 25, October, 1979 Niger, Page 29884.〕〔"Mar 1982 - Government Changes - Other Internal and External Developments", ''Keesing's Record of World Events'', Volume 28, March, 1982 Niger, Page 31404.〕 He was then Prefect of Tahoua from 1981 to March 1988, Ambassador to Nigeria from June 1988 to March 1990 and Minister of the Interior again from March 1990 to March 1991.〔 In 1991, Tandja emerged as the head of one of two powerful factions in the ruling National Movement of the Development Society (''Mouvement National pour la Societé de Développement'', MNSD) and at a party congress held in November 1991, he was elected as MNSD President.〔Myriam Gervais, "Niger: Regime Change, Economic Crisis and Perpetuation of Privilege", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 100–102.〕 Tandja's obtaining of the party leadership over rival faction leader Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye marked a departure from the traditional dominance of the party by Djermakoye's Zarma (Djerma) ethnic group.〔〔Jibrin Ibrahim and Abdoulayi Niandou Souley, ("The rise to power of an opposition party: the MNSD in Niger Republic" ), Unisa Press, Politeia, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1996.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mamadou Tandja」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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